The Nativity of Christ has deeply inspired various painters and sculptors, linking their artistic expression to a theological and spiritual matter. The book analyzes both Eastern and Western art: 13 masterpieces illustrate the early Christian art and the icons and other 13 masterpieces illustrate the Western art. The oldest dates back to the fourth century and the most recent is from 1975. The book is an opportunity to reflect on the iconographic diversity, in the East and the West, of dealing with the same mystery: the date of birth of Christ. While in the twentieth century western art the Nativity subject seems disappearing, in the Eastern art it continues to follow the same rules. A new and surprising iconography of the Nativity.