The Early Christian art is here re-examined thanks to the new researches carried out in anthropology of the sacred, history of art, iconography and history of architecture. The analysis starts from the Middle East, Egypt, Palestine, Syria, and reaches as far as Cappadocia and Armenia. A world that has not to be confused with Byzantium, a world that allows a look at the very plural early Christian: oriental Christian art, Byzantine art, but also Roman and Italian art.